Pneumatic action for musical instruments.



M, s. WRIGHT. PNEUHATIC AGTIONTOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. AnLIoATIoN rILnn ofr. a1, .1904.

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ais' 69 E g ioB $9 9 H7 B0 H5 48 o EL;

Wi Jte ases 15 RUB ,B i2

manned oen 13,1908. 3 SH'EBl'l-BHKBB'I' l.

l lll APPLIOATIOI FILED 001'. 31, 1004.

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` To all whoml it concern.:

1 ENT oFFiCE.

MORRIS s.-\vRi.GH'r, or WORCESTER.,iiassgtcnusnrrsf rutinario onori Fon mision. INSTRUMENTS.'

u I e known that I. Moa'ais S. WiiioH'r. a citizen ofthe United States, residing at.

llorcester. in the county of vWorcester'andv Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have in-` vented a new and useful Improvement in` -liieumatic Actions for Musical Instruments ofaiihicli the following is a specification aca companied'bv drawings. forming a part of` the saine. in whichf.-

Figure-1 represents a side'view of altipiano )layer embodying my invention. the case beng shown in sectional viewin order to disclose the operative mechanism. Fig. 2; isa detached view in section andson' -a 'larger 'scale showing the.devic e 'for coupling the different sections of the pipe leadingvfrom. ,the tracker board to -the primary pneumatics. Fig. 3 is a front view of one half ofthe piano player 'with a portion of the case `re.- inoved todisclose the operative mechanism.

' HF 4- is a` 'top' view of the regulating chamher shown insection. Fig. is a vertical centra] sectional view of one of the o erative mechanisms for-actuating a piano ey and comprising a primary pneumatic. a secondary pneumatic, and a motor pneumatic, with thevalve mechanism for controlling the air passages communicating with the 'motor pneumatic.' Fig.l 6 is a front view of one lof the operating mechanisms lfor. actuating a pianonkey. Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively side and 'end views of one'of the. spacing arat-ing the sides ofthe vacuum rings -for se chamber. 'g'. 9y is a detached view of the sheet metal cover for the secondary; pneumatic. Fig. 104 is a front view of a secondary ypneumatic* with Vits attached-primary i pneumatic as disclosed in Fig. (L4-the same view.; .1-A 'valve `chamber. shown in section ,on line iid-ii. Faas.`

being `shown in central vertical sectional and Fig. l1 is a detachedview'of the Similar reference lettcrsand figures refer to similar parts inthe different lviews.

, Theobjectsmy 'present invention are'to `sini liy the constisuction and reduce thecost of: h's lclass'of.-rinstruinen'ts:n to enable the'A u :pneumaticay and'ieonnected parts to be made of metal andtthereby avoid the .deter-iraiir'igl vetl'ects'duejto atmospheric changes; to bring the primary,

Asecondary and motor 4pneumat-Av ics into close-juxtaposition, whereby the lenth lof tleloonnecting air is rev duced and tiiehaction rendered mOI'QfreSPllr sve; to forni the primary,A .andV

Patented oct. is, lisos.

.niotor pneumatics in separate and'iiitegral 'structures capable of being readily and indi- `pairs and adjustment; to protectsthe valve several pneumatics and their connection' valve controlled passages. l accomplish enumerated. 'by the construction and -arrangement of parts as hereinafter described.

r:,innevedclaims. i K Referring to the accompanying drawings' 1 denotes the case. l a music roll carrying a winding roll iby means of a motor, such as 'is commonly used iii iiistruuients of this class. but not shown in the present drawings.

of ducts. one of which is shown at 6. Fig. 1.

the Apassage of tliesperforated music sheet `The `ducts 6. Fig. 1. communicate with a. pipe V7 which is coupled to a pipe 8 leading to a vprimary pneumatic 9 and the remaining ducts of' the tracker board are similarly connected by coupled pipes `with otlieifdiiplicate primary pnemnatics.- The pipe T is couducted through a block 10 and its end is provided with a. flange 1l bearing against the bottom Aof a recess 11'lr in theside of the block. The pipe 8 isprovided with a Hauge V1S?. which 'is s'ei'iarated from the flange 11 by a gasket 13Which is inclosed in the recess 11n vand ispinch'e'd between the flangesliland 1Q by the pressure of an elastic clamping plate 14:. provided-at vone end with a'slot1i. 'which incluses the pipe 8. and at the other end with a fiangelG which bears against forming part of the `framework.

Pressure is applied-.tothe elasticv4 clamping plate 1J( to draw the flanged ends of the pipes- T and '8 together by a clamping screw "18.- The clamping plates I4 maybe conveniently'formed from a single long plate 1 9 tiangedfends. vl enever it is desired to disingscrew 1 8 fis loosened. allowing the elasticlity'of'ltlie plate :to relieve the'prssui'eiipon the ,flainged ends- 'of the pipe,h thereby perinitt-ing thejpipe abe-withdrawn from '.thefslot' "15.

controlled passages. from dusttyosecurc af 'uniformity of au' exhaustion throughout the these' objects together with others nothereu the novelfeatures being pointed out injthe 5 denotes a'tiacker `hoard havinpY a series a` block 1'1" irivroyidedwith .transverseslots 20,' Fig. leaving-the cla-lapping platesgunited at their.

'The lower .eiidof isI connected 4by y 'mi' ordinaryiscrewlthra union coupling 21 Yvidually removed inyorderfto facilitate i'e-` perforated 'sheet 3 whichis wound upon a which ,are `alternately opened and closed vby connect one of the coupled pipes,` its clam'pl matic in to two chambers 32 vconnected with' the .hole

against 24. and is provided with with a short pipe 8* which is permanently The primary pneumatic 9-comprises a cup 22 having a flange 23, a body 24 having a flange 25 which is turned over to inclose the edges of the flange 23, thereby uniting the two pipes together. The primary pneumatic'is attached to thesecondary pneumatic by means .of a hollowplug 26 havingr a screw threaded connection 27 with the bodyv24 and having a flaug'el 28 which overlaps a hollow arm 29 integral with the cover of the secondary pneumatic. The flanges 23 and 25' clamp the edges of a flexible diaphragm 30. The diaphragm 30`divides the primary-pneuand 33-which communicate through a vent hole 31 in the diaphragm. Resting upon the diaphragm 30 is a Wooden follower 34 having a central and radialopenings in order to establish a communication between the chamber 33 and the vent hole 31. The follower 34 is supplied with a valve disk 37 seating the lower end of -the hollofw lug 26. Attached to the follower 34 is a Va ve stem 38 which extends through the hollow plug a head 3 9 having a valve disk 40 which seat. against the upper end ofthe hollow plug.v The valve stem 38 is smaller than the hole through the hollow plug. forming an annular space 41 which communicates at its lower end with thechamber 33, and also by means of an opening42, with the hollow arm 29 leading to vthe'secondary pneumatic. A gasket 43 is inserted between the body 24 of the primary pneumatic and the hollow arm 29, and -a similar gasket 44V is inserted between the arm 29 and the flange 280i the hollow plug 26 to render these joints air tight. 'i

45 denotes a vacuum chamber which is in-y closed by a shallow rectangular inner tray 46 and a similar outer tra-y 47 which forms a coverfor 'the tray 46, theedges of the ,trays- 46 and 47 being soldered to render them air tight. The vacuum chamber 45 is .connected by a pipe 48 with air exhausting apparatus,- such .as is commonly used in instruments of this class, andcons1sting of an exhaust bellows 49 operated by a ot treadle 50, and comprising an airchamber 51 communicating with the exhaust bellows, regulating chambers 52 and 53 having communicating air passages 54, and 55, regulated b valves 56 and 57, the former being control ed byaregulating bellows 58 having a regulatmgsprin 59, and the valve 57 beingii controlled by a iand lever 6 0, An air assage 61 connects the air chamber 51 andp chamber 53 and is controlled by a valve 62 arranged to beoperated by ahand lever 63A for the pui' ose of closing the communica tion at will etween the au' chamber 51"and1 regulating chamber 53` to prevent the eX- haustion of air from the vacuum chamber primary pneumatic 9.v

space for the pneumatic 80.

the regulating The above named mechanism, comprising bellows, footpedals and connected valves maintainlng a state of ail-"exhaustion from the vacuum Chamber45, forms no .part of'iny present invention, as it is substantially that now in common use in instrument this class and its construction and opera-titoli-v will bewell'understood by those conversa with this' class of instruments.-

The'sides of thepvacuum chamber'fll ar in order to slightly vincreasel the distan@ between the side wallsofthe vacuum cham-l" ber where are inclosed circular spacingrings notched on opposite edges at 66toprovide 80 free movement of ait-VA Ftildes are formed in the sidewalls of the vacuum chamber concentrically with the spacing rings 65 to receivethe short-pipcupon one end of which I support -the secondary v85 pneu'ma-tics 68and upon the opposite end the 5'1" valve chambers 69, The. pipes 67 are provided with holes 70 forming a `communicaf tion ybetween the pipes v67 and the vacuum chamber 45. The 'secondary pneumatic 68 9`0 consists of a cup shaped shell 71 having a flange 72 and an inte1'1`1allysc1'ew threaded tubular extension 73 which is screwed upon the screw threaded end .of the pipe 67 with lan intervening gasket 74 between the shelll 95 71 and the side wall of the vacuum chamber. The shell 71 isprovided with a cover 7 5 having a flange 76`which inclosesthe flange 72 and inched between the flanges 72 and l 76 are tlI-ie edge of 4a flexible diaphragn'. 100 Integral with th cover T5 is the hollow arm 29 havin a. hole 7 8 to receive the flanged hollow uv 26 of the lprimary pneumatic.

-VAttac edb to the'op ositeend of'the pipe 67 is the-valve chamger 69 consisting `of a 105 sheet metal shell,l preferably integral with and drawn by. suitable dies from metal plate 79 formmgthe upper plate"of a motor vThe motor pneumatic- 8() consists of the metal'plates 79'V and 81 pro- 110 vided with wooden lininfrs 82, to the edges y' of which are attached leather or rubber cloth 83 in the form lofa bellows, and inclosing an' air chamber V84 communicating with the valve chamber 69 I'by `an opening..85. The 115 metal plates 79 and 81 are extended at lthe smallenend of the motor pneumatieat 86, 86, to fornra)tubular barrel 87.inclo sing "a pintle 88 b'yjwhich the-two sides of the motor pneumatici' are hinged' together `in order to 120 relieve the flexible =leather connection' 83 4from strain:`

The valve chamber 69`is provided Lwith ascrew: threaded opening Sil-toreceive' an annular valve seat 90 stamped from'sheet metal andi integral with a @over 125 91-'having flanges 92, vand onv'its ilowerf side an opening 93 for the admission ,of4 inltside fair* to` .the Valveachamber; 6.9. lietutecuP thc; llanges, -92- and the,valvexhamber 69 1 insert u gasket prevent the admission ot' out- 130 i V i side air to the valve chamber except through the valveseat andthe opening 93. One

' eiid ot' the pipe ('7iis open and tiangedjupou the inner side 'of'the valve chaiubei09 to torma valve seat 95, .and the opposite end of thepipe I(i7 is closedand providedwith ropenings 9G forming a Ycommunication betweenA the. interior of thel pipe (3,7 a-n'dnthe interior ot' the shell 71! of the secondary -pneuinatic rWooden bushings 97ian'd 98 are-l linserted in the closedend of the pipe 67 and'.

in vthe cover 91 respectively to form'yvays tor'a sliding valve stem 99 attac-hed att` one end` toa follower 1-00 which is normally held against the flexible diaphragm 77 a yspiraly spring 101`insei'tedbe'tween the bushing ried by the valve stem 99. VCarried-by, the Vvalve stem 99 is avalve 103 normally held that in the`vacuum chainber45.

, body portion Q4 of a connecting rod 115 havingV a button 116' vresting on'- the arm 113 Iand pivoted at its isis Aa pipe 110 with the 9S' and a screw 'threaded sleeve 102 carviii`coiitiu1t Ywith the valve seat/95 by the spiral spring 101.' Carried by the sci-ctv threaded sleeve 102` is a 'simi-larvalve 104 arranged to-contact withl the valve seat when the valve is actuated by the flexible diaphragm 77. lInserted between the-vac uun'i chamber 4.5) and the va'lve`chamber 69k a short spat-ingsleeve 105 having at itsv ends Hanges 100, '107,

y gaskets 10S -and 109.

' the shell 71 ofthe secondary pneumatic upon ai'id Aits opposite end 'nary screw threaded coupling 111 to a short 'nipple 112 which is securelyv soldered to vthe tray 46 and communicates with` t-he vacuum chamber 45. y The lower -side of the motor pneumatic 80 is having a hole 114in its free end toreceive upper end to `one end of a key striker 117.l The key striker 117 isv pivoted ina fulcrum bar 118 and carries at its opposite end a 4head -119 adapted to depressv one of' thekeys 120 of the piano 'when actuated by the motor* pneumatic '80,

E The operating .parts of lthe'severa'l pneumatics and their connected valves are nor-.

mally in the positionshown iniFi 5 W hen ever the corresponding Aductof t e tracker board vis closedby the music sheet 3,'but

vvlhenever a perforation `in the lmusic sheet .enter intvo'the chamber 32 pf the flexible diapressure beef Primary pneumatic, p 'ragmisfraised by the ,m-

` .---aah a, ai@ chamber 3a being in a State of @Bedien by the airgexhausti'on` through' it s' the primary pneumatic opposite sideswof then* motor pneumatic,causiiigthe inv tor pueu- ,Y

pipe 110 with the vacuum chamber 45'. The

upward movement of the flexible diaphragm 30 lifts the valve'stem' 38 and carries the valve dislLiO away froinits scat and the valve against lits seat, thereby allowingl outside air to' pass' through the annular space '41, opening 42, and h oloiv arm ililiiito, the space between the flexiblediaphragm 77 and Athe rcover '75 ofthe secondary pneumatic, and- `Supplying air pressure' diaphragm 77 vto the right. This i'noveiuentV 1 i to move the tlexiblc of the `flexible diaphragm l7 7 slides the' valve stein-99 against ther'tension of the `spiral spring 101 to close the valve 101 and open "valve 103, thereby closingv the air' chamber 84 inthe motor pneumatic 80 to the outside l air and bringing it in coli'niiuiiicatioh through the-pipe 67 and openings` '70 4vitli the vacuum ciamber 45. producing a partialvacuum in the motor pneumatic and causing and' lifting the connecting rod 112. T closing ofthe duct in the tracker board u the music sheet 3 cuts otlA thesupply of a 'r to the chamber 32 in the primary pneucoiitainedi iii the matic, andthe air already chamber BQ passes through the vent 1101401531 inthe flexible diaphragm 30, .and through-v Y. i

the central hole 35 andfiadial openings 3G *of the follower into' the chamber 33 to be exliaustedthrough the pipe 110 and vacuum chamber 15,

has beenl equalizefd by the passage of air through the venthole 31, the'folloiver 34 vand valve stenrlS are returned by gravity `into'the positioii'shown in Fig. 5, closingv the valve 40 and opening the valve 37. thereby l Iallowing the air which has served to move thevdiaphragnil 77 to be exhausted through d 33 and pipe 110. into 'the vacuum chamber 45 thereby equal- 4izing the air- ,pressure upon opposite sides 4of i the hollow arm 29, chamber the flexible diaphragni77 and allowing the tension 'of thespi'ral spring 101 to reverse the motion of the valve stem 99,'bringiiig it again intol the position shown in Fig, 'closing the-'valve 103 and opening the valve 104 tothe outside air which rushes into the chamber 84 to restore the air pressure on matic too en land theconnectii g rod 11'@ ,to descend l v gravity, therebyreversing lthe movement of the key striker 117yaiid a lowing the piano key to rise. i I ein loy'a single 'common vacuum' chamber which enables me`l to secure a uiiiform airy exhaustion Vfor each set. of pneiiniatics. Each set of. pneumatics is s upported'fupou 'a single short i (i7 `which is inserted-'through the walls 'o tv e vacuum chamber;- .one end lof* the short pipe 67 -beiiigattached to the valve chamber 69" whichsupportsrthe motor.

it to be immediately collapsed bythe lpres-j;`

sure 'of the` outside air against the si( e 81]..

l lVhen the air *pressurb u] on y opposite sides of the flexiblediaphragm 1 0 hinged sidef' of the* f' ported.' The pneumatic, and the matic from the pipe 67'. B y-'unscrewing valve seat'90 the spring 101 canbe rep ing said plateA against the flange.

Aof a serles of air with a. series of pneumatics, of a single sistingA of oppositely disposed trays havingr opposite end being removably attached bA a sore-w threaded connection to the secon ary pneumatic (i8 which is provided with an integral hollow arm Q9 uponwhich the primary pneumatic 9 is su `v-\ rimary pneumatic is readi y\ removed by wlthdrawing the hollow plug 26 andthe secondary and motor pneur'naticsarel removed byunscrewingl the secondary pneuthe `ace'd and the valves 103 and 104 removed or the valve 104 adjusted on its screw threaded sleeve 102.v The cover 91 is rovided With an opening 93 on its under si e near the top of the motor neumatic, thereby preventing the settling oi) dust Withinthe valve chamber 69.- v What -I claim "as my invention and desire to secure by -Letters Patent is 1'.' In a pneumatic action and in combination, 'a supporting frame, a tracker board mounted on the frame, a pneumatic a pipe connected at one end to a duct ofthe tracker board, a pipe connected at one end to said pneumatic, the opposite endsv of the pipes aving complementary' fianges means vfor holding one flange in fixed position, a plate overlapping the other iiange, and means mounted upon the said frame for compress- 2. In a pneumatic action, the combination conducting pipes each formed in sections,'flanges on the opposing ends of said sections, a block abutting the fia-nges 'on one section of said pipes, said block being mounted on a stationary part of the instrument vwhereby the same is .supported in proper relation thereto, intervenlng gaskets between said fianges, a plate having transverse slots extendingr partially across` the plate forming a series ofelasticsections having their free ends overlappingr the flanges on the other sections of said pipes, and screws held in said block for compressing said elastic plates on said flanges. L

3. In a pneumatic action, the combination vacuum chamber for said pneumatics, conoverlappingr flanges, and providedwith a series of holes inthe opposite Walls lin alinement, and communicating Withv said pneumatics.

4. In a pneumatic action, the combination with a seriesof pneumatics, of a common vacuum chamber for said pneumatics consisting ova covered pan 'or tray having` alined holes in its opposite walls for said nneumatics, and a series of spacing rings inclosed in said chamber.

In a pneumatic action, the combination' with a series of pneumatics. of a. common vacuum chambercommunicating.

chamber and communicatin walls, with the Walls of said chamber offset concentrically with. said holes.

6. In` a pneumatic action, the combination of a vacuum. chamber 'having alined holes in its opposite'yvalls, a pipe inserted in said therewith, a motor pneumatic supported y' one end of said ipe and a secondary pneumatic attache to'the opposite end of said pi e.

7L In a pneumatic action, the combination' with al vacuum chamber having alined holes in its o posite Walls, of a pipe inserted in said ho es and communicating with said vacuum chamber, a. valve chamber attached to o ne end of said pipe, a motor pneumatic supported by .said valve chamber, a secondary pneumatic removably attached to the lopposite end of said pipe, with said valve chamber and motor pneumatic on one side of said vacuum chamber, and with the secondary pneumatic on the opposite side-of said vacuum chamber.'

8. In a pneumatic action, the combination with avacuum chamber having alined holes in its opposite walls, of a pipe inserted in said holes and communicating with said chamber, a valve chamber attached to'one' end of said pipe, a secondary pneumatic remm'ably attached to the opposite end ofv Said pipe, anda iianged spacmg sleeve between said valve chamber and said vacuum chamber. '5'

9. In a-pneurnatic action, the combination with a vacuum chamber i ered metallicpan or tray, a series ofmotor pneumatics .on, one side of said vacuum chamber. and a series of corresponding secondary pn'eumatics on-the-'opposite'side of said vacuum chambe1f`,;f3-Il d` a pipe connectand communicating- With said vacuum chamber. 3

10. .I n a pneumatic action, -the combination with a Vacuum chamber, of a. valve chamber outside said vacuum chamber, valves i'n said valve chamber, a motor pnenmatic attached to said valve body, a tube attached to said.l valve chamber and entering said vacuum chamber, a flanged spacing sleeve on said tube, gaskets between said flangedsleeve and said vacuumh'amber and said valve chamber, and a secondary pneumatic operatively connected with said valves. and .having a screw .threaded connection with said tube@ 11. In 4a pneumatic actionfthe'combination with a motor pneumatic having inclosing metallic'plates, one of which is movable of a valve chamber integral with one of said inclosing-metallic plates and communicating with Vsaid` motor pneumatic, a striker i rod having y'connection with the .'movabltfY plate, avvacnum chamber, a communicating consistingof a covmg said motor and' secondary pneumatics 'pneumatic .associated therewith a' secondary pneumatic outsideof and' adjoining saidy vacuum chamber' and communicating there `with, of a hollow arm Vextending `fromy said secondary pneumatic and a .primary pneumatic. supported -by said hollow arm and eommuntlngtherewith, vall of said parts l beingof metal. i

13. In a pneumatic (action, the i combi-nationfwith a motor pneumatic-and secondar pneumatic comprislng a-metallic shell .andA a metallic cover therefor, `of a hollow arm extending from'said cover. and -a primary pneumatic supported by said arm andjeonimunir-,ating t'hiarewith, i: A `14. In a pneumaticY action,

tion with a vacuum 'pneumatic outside said vacuu-ni chamber and supported thereby, a hollow arm extending a hole therethrough, a

comprising a metallic shell, havingva screw thread and a hollow vianged plugA passing `tihrou'glsi `'said hollow arm and .engaging sai screw thread, whereby said primary pneumaticisl attached to said' hollowlarm.;

, 15.'In pneumatic tion ofa vacuum chamber consisting ofy a covered pan or,tray, a 4motor supported by ,saidvacuum chamber on oneside thereof, a -secondar-'y neumatic supported by said vacuf um cham r, and on the opposite. side thereof, and a primary'pncumatic supported I by said seconda-ry pneumatic.' i l 40 '16. In a. pneumatic action, the'combina .ition with a motor pneumatic and a vacuum chamben-of' a valve chamber-between said 'motor pneumatic and said vacuum chamber, an air passa e between said valve chamber ,45 and the ou-tsideainandza, 'cup shapedcoverl i lfor said air passage having a restricted openvingin its side adjacent said motor .pneumatic 'yvheieby said valvechamber is prevented.

:17, InA a-pneumatic' action for'v musical instruments, a tracker board, apneumatic', a conduit 'communicating at one end with info' the tracker V board, n supporting member tor i, the opposite endv of said conduit, a conduit. '55 communicating atone end with ,said puc-n,-` matic and at its opposite end` with said iiprst mentioned conduit, and means 'secured to a 4 stationary part of the instrument for' supporting and retaining the e sition torsa'id first mentioned conduit.A

aol A t i 1'8.' InV a pneumatic-action, a tracker board ,3, a pneumatic, a conduit eommu`nicat-- ing atx-gine end with'said tracker lboarden` supportivv member Said condiiit, a conduit communica ng at the. combina-f l chamber, of a secondary Y from said secondary 'pneumatic and having primary pneumatic action, the combinaj ,the settling of dust .Within lfor the opposite endl of; f

' one end withv said pneumatic .andl a't its 'op-ti posite end Withlsaid first, mentioned condint, Han-ges on the opposingends'of the con# duits, and means `mounted on a stationary part of the instrument for .engaging the iiange of the pneumatic conduit and retainingfthe last mentioned conduit in. juxtaposition -to said first mentioned conduignherei 4 by is provided a continuous passage from'. the tracker board tothe-pneumatic.. '19. In ,a pneumatic action, af `tracker board and a pneumatic in .combination with a conduit establis ingcomlnunication there,- -between and com rislngsections, a support- 'ing block for one of said sections having an ,'80 aperture o therethrough, -and a recessfin one its sides connecting with said aperture, the Iend of oneof'said sections 'being mount- `ed in Said ap'erturcof the block and having a flanged `terminal resting in the recessed .portion thereof, and the opposing. `endgofl the cooperating section, having af comple-` mentaryflange, and means mountedron a Stationary art `of the instrument for'sup-y f1, porting Isai vopposing end ofthe cop'eratfy `90 ung'section.'V

` 20. In 'a pneumatic, action for musical .ini struments, a tracker board and a. pneumatic,

in combination'withfaconduit establishing i f communication. therebetween and. compris',- `95 ing sections, a. supporting blockffor .one ofl 'said sections having' an aperture `there'- through, and la recess in one of its ,sides con- ,i 'necting `with said aperture, the end of one ofl said sections beingy mounteddnsaid aperture of the block'and lhaving a'tlanged terminal. resting in the recessed portion thereof, andr the opposing end' of the coperatiug section,4 'i 'having a complementary flange, a gasket in- ,l terposed between'the.respectiveflanges, and 105 means for retaining the respectite flanges in contact including an overlapping clampf ing plate, a stationary support on the in-,e 'strument, and. holding means mounted on y said support and engaging said -plate at af pointfremoved from the respective sections.

21. In a pneumatic yaction, a tracker board y, and "a series ofl pneumatics, in combination `with a conduit establishing communica-tionfor each'pneuma'tic the conduit .comprising `tufo sections', flanges on the opposing e'nds of the sections, a su port' for one of said sections adjacent the ange thereof, and means for-retaining the op osingend of lthe'coin- 120 plementary section ln juxtapositionv to the first mentioned sectioninclutk'ngaplate, commonto, and engaging each Bange of the complementary sect-ions, a support therefor, comv prising a stationary part of -the instrument, 125 means for securing the plate to the support- .at a point spaced from the "respective conduits, and a supporting flange' on `the plate varranged to abutlsaid support.

between the same, there being onel conduit 22. In a pneumatic action, a trac er'board 130 L and a pneumatic, in combination with a conduit establishing communication between the Athe ange thereof,-and means for retaining the opposing end of the complementary section in position relative to the Afirst mentioned section, including a 'clamping plate having a slotted -edge engaging over the complementary section of the conduit, the wall Vof the platev adjacent the sides of the slot engaging the flange of said` section, 'means for .securing-the plate to a stationar part of the instrument, and a supporting ange on the plate arranged to abut said stationary X art. 23. In a pneumatic action for musica iiiV struments, the combination with a pneumatic,

of an air conducting tube in two sections communicating with the pneumatic, flanges on the opposing ends lof said sections, a-plaL-e having a supporting flange at one ed e, and

an open slot inclosing one section of t e tube at its opposite edge, and meansfor securing said flange to the-instrument and for coinpressing the slotted edge of said plate against the other of said flanges.

A 24. In a pneumatic action, the combination with a series of pneumatics, of air conducting tubes one for each pneumatic each in two sec,- tions, one of which communicates with one of said piieuinatics, a connection between said sections comprising flanges on the opposing ends thereof, an interposed gasket between saidv flanges, means for holding one of said flanges froin movement, a late having a supporting flange at one edp ,and av plurality of open slots each in closing one section of each pipe at its opposite edge, and means for compressing the'slotted edge of said plate against the other of said flanges.-

'25. In a pneumatic action for musical instruments, a supporting frame, a tracker board'having a duct therein, a conduit connecting with the latter at one end, `means for supporting the opposite end of the conduit to said frame, a pneumatic, a conduit c onnecting with the pneumatic at one end., and

means for supporting the opposite end there-l of whereby vthe saine may register with and.

forni a continuation of the' tracker board conduit, the saidmeans including a flange on the pneumatic conduit, a movable plate engaging over said flange, an`d means for pressing said plate against the flange and securingit to the Vsaid supporting frame.

26. In a pneumatic action for musical iiistruments, the combination ofr a supporting frame, a tracker board having a' series of ducts therein, a series of conduits connecting with the latter at one end, means for supporting the opposite ends of the said conduits to said frame, a series of pncumatics, :i series of ciduits Vone for each pneumatic. connected n ith the pneumatics at one end.

Vthe con said piieumatics.

slots englagingl over the respective flanges of nits, and means for .pressing said plate aga-inst. the flanges and' securing it to said supporting frame.

27. In a pneumatic `action, "the combinn'-,

tion of a'vacuum chamber, a primary pneumatic, and a secondary pneumatic said pneumaticsy being independently formed and sep; arable as an independent unit and having iiildependent communication with the vacuum v 28. Ina nneiimatic action, the combination of a vacuum chamber, a series of primary pneuniatics and a. series. of secondary pneumatics the primary and secondary pnei-i- -niat-ics having independent, communication with Ithe vacuum chamber.l the primary and secondary pneumaticsb'eing formed of independent metallic construction and removv ably connected together.

29. In a pneumatic action for musical iiistrurnents, the combination of a single vacu um chamber, a plurality of primary'pneumatics, a plurality of secondary pneumatics,v theV primary and secondary pneumatics constitutinlg complete'pneumatics separable one from other, a communication between said pneumatics, communication between the secondary pneumatics and said.V vacuum chamber, and independent communication between the primary pneumatics and a branch ofvsaid vacuum chamber.-

,30. A pneumatic action for musical in'- struments having atracker board and a secondary pneumatic, vin combinationwith 1 primary pneumatic interposed therebetween and comprising a cup section havingr co'i n. munication with the tracker. board fand' a flange at the' upper end thereof', a body poi- -tion having 'a complementary flange at its lower end bent lto form a return bend adapted to fitover and interlockwith the flange of the. cu section, a removable connection between t e priinaryand secondai-.y 'pneumatics including a conduit establishing commimication between 'the body portion of said primary vpneumatic and said secondary pneumatic, a motor pneumatic, and aA vvacuun'i chainber'havingcommunication with each ol 31. `A pneumatic action for musical-instruments having a tracker board and a secondary'pneumatic, in combination with a primary pneumatic removably connected to thereof', a body portion, having a comple` andl a" motor pneumatic. y A

41. In a pneumatic' action, the combinaping said, sleeved portion V of the -entensiomV tion with a primary pneumatic, of a Vvsecondary pneumatic, a connection between' `said pneumatics including 'a hollow `block carried by said pii'inarypneumatic and an integral' liol-low extension ont-he secondary pneumatic coniiiiunicating with said block and sleeved thereon, the 'block having a; flange overlap# ping said sleeved portion of the extension, the primary pneumatic having a Harige upon which. rests the lower portion of said sleeved portion of the extension, and-gaskets intel'- posed between said flanges and the respec tive upper and lower surface of 'said sleeved.

42. In a pneumatic action, a pneumatic,a vacuum chamber thereforconsistfing' of oppositely disposed trays having overlapping tianges, one of said trays havi-ng an opening minunicating with said pneumatic.

In a'pneumatic action, a'piieiimatic, a vacuum chamber therefor, consisting of op.- positely ydisposed trays having overlapping flanges, one of said 'trays having an opening therein communicating with said pneumatic. and Ameans for spacing the opposite walls of 44. In a pneumatic act-ion, a pneumatic, a vacuum chamber therefor, consisting of oppositely disposed trays having overlapping flanges. one of l'said trays having an opening communicating with said pneumatic, and a' spacingring within said chamber.

In a pneumatic action, the .combination with a series of pneumatics, of al common vacuum chamber for said pneumatics consisting of a covered pan or tray, alined holes in its opposite walls for said-pneu-V matics, and means within the chamber for" spacing saidv walls.

46. In a pneumatic action, the combination with a pneumatic, of a vacuumchamber therefor consisting of a covered pan or tray having an opening therein for said pneu-4 matic, and a spacing ring Within said chamber.

tion with a pneumatic, of a vacuum chamber communicating therewith and consisting of a covered pan or tray having anopening in one of the walls thereof, lthe walls of said chamber being offset, and a spacing ring' within said offset portions.

In a pneumatic action, the combination with a pneumatic, of a. vacuum chamber communicating therewith and consisting of a covered pan or tray having. an opening in 'one of the walls thereof, the wal-ls of 'said chamber being offset, and a spacing ring within said ott'set portions having aseries of openings therethrough. y, Y

4). In a pneumatic action, the combination with a pneumatic, ofV a vacuum chamber 47. InA a pneumatic action, the combinacommunicating.therewith and consisting of oppositely disposed inclosing walls, and a .spacing ring 'within 'Said chamber Vhaving a 52. In apneumatic action, a pneumatic, a.

vacuum chamber communicating therewith, vand consisting of oppositely disposed inclosing walls, and aspacing rin within said chamber, the opposite edges o said ring beiiig alternately notched.

53.|'Ina pneumatic action, the combination of apneumatic, a vacuum chamber com- -municating therewith, and consisting of oppositely disposed walls having peripheral overlapping flanges secured to one another,

and a spaciiig'iing within said chamber, Vthe opposite edges of said ring being alternately notched.

54. In a pneumatic action, the combina.- tion with a motor pneumatic, of a vacuum chamber, a secondary pneumatic outside the same and communicating therewith, a cover for the pneumatic having an integral hollow arm extending therefrom, and a primary pneumatic supported by said hollow arm and communicating therewith.l

55. In a pneumatic action, the combina.-

tion with a vacuum chamber, of a motor pneumatic, a secondary pneumatic outside the vacuum chamber and communicatin therewith, the same comprisin a cup section having a flange thereon, and a cover ,havin a complementary flange secured to said first mentioned flange, a hollow .arm extending from said cover, and a primary pneumatic rletachably supported by said hollow arm and.communicatin g therewith.

56. In a ypneumatic action, the combination with a vacuumchamber, of a motor pneumatic, a secondary pneumatic outside the vacuum chamber and communicating therewith, the same comprising a cup section having a flange thereon,` and a cover having a complementary flange bent to form a return bend adapted to fit over and 'interlock sov with the flange of the cu section,.a vhiollow arin extending from sai cover, and a primary pneumatic supported by said hollow arm and communicating therewith.

57. In a .pneumatic action, the combination with'a vacuum chamber, xof a motor pneumatic, av secondary pneumatic outside thek vacuum, chamber and `communicatiugg; therewith, comprising a cup section having a flange'thereon, and a cover' having a comlementary flange bent to form a return nd adapteditof fit over and interlock with the flange of the cup Section, a gasket inter between said flanges, a hollotwarm extending from said cover, and a rima ry pneumatic supported by said hol ow arm and communicating therewith. i

58. In a pneumatic action, the combination with a vacuum chamber, oli' a motor pneumatic, apaecondary pneumatic outside the lvacuum chamber and communicating therewith, 'comprising a cup Section having a fange thereon and a cover having a com- 6 plementary Harige bent toV formv a return the flange of the cup section, a gasket interow 'a'rv extending from said'cover, and a 0 lil'imar1 pneumatic supported, by said holow arm and Communicating therewith.

.59. In a` pneumatic action, the combinal tion with a vacuum chamber, comprising -oploaitcly disposed metallic walls, one of which ras an opening therein, of a secondary .inenmatic communicating therewith throng said openin and comprisin a cu ing a ange at its smalIer en( fitted wit-hin .said opemn and an independently formed detachable ange at its opposite end, a cover said last mentioned flange of the cup section, a hollow arm extending from said cover, and n primary pneumatic supportedl by said hollow arm.

tion with a vacuum chamber, comprising opositely disposed metallic walls, one of which line an opening therein, of a secondary neu- ;natie communicating therewith throng said openin and comprising a cup section having a ange at. its smal er end fitted within said'opening, a gasket mounted upon sald flange and interposed between the cup shaped portlon ofthe lpneumatic and the oppoamg .Y walls of the vacuum chamber,A a cover for said pneumatic, a hollow arm' extending from said cover, and. a' primary pneumatic: .supported-by said hollow arm.

(il, In a pneumatic action for musical inlvtrumcnts, the combination of a vacuum chamber, a primary pneumatic vand a seconllar)f pneumatic, said pneumatica being inde pendenti y formed and constructed of metal, means for mounting said Secondary pneumatic to one side of the vacuum chamber, means for mounting the primary pneumatic on a part carried by the secondary pneumatic, Aand each of'which pneumatica` has communication with the vacuum chamber, a valv'echamber upon the opposite side of the vacuum chamber and communicating therewith, and a motor pneumatic communicating with the valve chamber and connected thereto.

62. In a pneumatic action, the combination .d between Said flanges, an integral hol- 60. In a. pneumatic action, the combi'na,

end adapted to fit over and,interlock with.

having a complementary 'flange Secured to with a vacuum chamber, of a 'valve chamber upon one side thereof, a tube coi'u'iected to the "faire chamber and communicating with the vaculuu chamber a'nda pneumatic adjoining the opposite side ofthe vacuum chamber land having communication With .the latter, through saidtube. I

(i3-l. In a pneumatic action, the combination with a Series of motor pneumaties, a series,l of valve chambers communicating with said 75 motor pneun'latics, Series of Secondary, pneumatica, a Avacuum cha'mber adjoining and having cominunication with said scc-,

.ondarypneuniatics and each having' com.-4 munication with said valve chamber th'rou'gh a tube connected to the latter, the vacuum chamber beinglocated between the secondary pneumaticay and valve chambers unil Without the same.

(S4. `In a pneumatic action, the combinatiol with a vacuum chamber, lof a vhlve chamber arranged without saidvaeunin chamber, a tube1 connected to said valve chamber and communicating with Said vacuum chamber, a ud a spacing sleeve on said. tube.

y(35. Ina pneumatic action, the combination with a vacuum chamber, a 'valve chamber arranged withoutisaid 'vacuum chamber, a tube connected to Said valve 'chamber and cdmnnmicating with said' Vacuum chamber, and a Spacing sleeve'having fianged terminals arranged `to engage opposing surfaces 'oi Laidchambers. 7 l

(i6. In a pneumatic action, the combination with a vacuna-1 clu'rmber, of a valve'chalnber arranged without v:said vacuum chamber, a tube connected to Said valve chamber and communieating with Said vacuum chamber, a spacing sleeve havingV flanged Iterminals ,arranged'to engage o )posing Surfaces of said chambers, and gaskets ,inter osed betweenl i said flanges: and opposing surace's. l

(i7. In a pneumatlcactlon, the combination with a vacuum chamber,l of ay primary pneumatic, a secondary pneumatic, and a motor pneumatic, a metallic valve 4chamber connected to the motor pneumatic andarranged without the vacuum chamber, and =a tube connecting respectively with the rvalve and vacuum chambereI and secondary pneumatica.

G8. In a pneumatic action, thc combination with a vacuum-chamber, of a pneumatic, a metallic valve chamber connected' to the pneumatic and arranged without the vacuum chamber, and a. tube having a flange at one cud overlapping the inner wall surrounding an opening 1n the valve chamber,'a nd having at its'oppoaite end aY screw threaded connec tion with the' pneumatic.

G9. In a pneumatic action` the combination with a `vacuum chamber, of a. pneumatic, a metallic valve chamber connected to the pneumatic and arranged without the vacuum chamber, and a tube having a flange at one 'end overlapping the inner wall 'surrounding' 130.

an opening inthe valvechamberjahd connectmg at its opposite end with thejvacum chamber, and a valve inl the valve chamber,

the flanged endof said tube constittingi'a'l.v

seat for said Valve.

70. In a pneumatic action, the'.combination 4 of 'a vacuum chamber of a pneumatic, a metallic lvalve chamber connected to @the pneumatic and arranged without the vacuum chamber, and a tube having a iange" at oney end overlapping the inner wall surrounding an opening 1n the valve chamber and connecting atits oppositeend with the vacuum chamber, acover for the valve chamber having an inwardly extended flange, and a pair of valves in the valve chamber', the ian es on said cover and tube acting as seats .or the respective valves.

71.'In a pneumatic action, the combination of a vacuum chamber formed of metal, a metallic valve chamber to one side of the vacuum chamber, a tube connecting the valve chamber to the vacuuml chamber, a pneumatic formed of 'metalarranged u on the opposite side of the vacuum cham r and ad] oining the same and havingy communica- Ition ytherewith .through said tube, and an auxiliary pneumatic carried by the irst pneumatic.4

72. In a pneumatic action, the combination with awa'cuum chamber, of a pneumatic upon one side of 'd chamber, a valve chamber connected to the opposite side of the same and consistin having a tube exten ng throughthe vacuum chamber and communicating `with the pneuatc, and a pneumatic connected to said vc amber communicating respectively. with said motor pneumatic andl vacuum chamber,

` and consistmg of an integral projection of said motor pneumatic.'

74. In a pneumatic action, the combination with a vacuum chamber, of a pneumatic upon one side thereof, and communicating therewith, a motor pneumatic vupon the opposite side thereof, a metal valve chamber consisting of an integral projection of said motor pneumatic, and a tube establishing communication between the motor pneumatic, valve chamber and vacuum chamber, the tube having an apertured end communicating with the rst mentioned pneumatic.

75. In a Apneumatic action, the combination of a pneumatic, a. metallic valve cham.- ber communicating therewith and consisting of an integral projection thereof, the valve chamber having a screw threaded opening, a valve'in the valve chamber, and a seat for said valve threaded into said` opening.

of a .sheet metal shellV g l j and having 73. In a pneumatic action, the vcombina- :strnment's, thecombination of a vacum chamber, of a primary pneumatic and secondary pneumatic, the yprimary pneumatic bein supported by the secondary pneumatic .jzyvhic latter isImounted on one slde of the vacuum chamber, a mot-or pneumatic upon the opposite side of the vacuum, chamber, a valve chamber consisting of Aan integral projection of said motor pneumatic and a tube establishing communicationbetween the motor pneumatic valve chamber and vacuunn chamber, the tube having an apertured end communicating with the rst mentionedpneumatic. 80

77. In a pneumatic' action, the combina,- tion with a vacuum chamber, of a primary pneumatic and a secondary pneumatic connected together and arranged at one sideof the vacuum chamber, the said-,pneumatics having independent communication with the vacuum chamber, a motor pneumatic upon the oV posite side of the ,vacuum chamber, a metallljlc valve chamber connected to said vmotor pneumatic, and a tube establishing communication between the motor pneuvmatic and valve chamber, said tube extending into the vacuum chamber and having apertures lintermediate its ends communicating with the vacuum chamber, and an apertured terminal communicating with the secondary pneumatic.' f

78. Inv a pneumatic action, the combination with a vacuum chamber, of a metallic valve chamber having an opening therein, a valve within the valve chamber, .and a cover for said opening stamped from sheet met-a1 an mtegral annular valvesea't for said va ve, a metal tube extending fro'm the valve chamber to a point withm the vacuum chamber and having apertured por tions communicating therewith and a pneumatic connected to said tube.

' 79. -In a pneumatic action, the combination of -a vmetallic vacuum chamber, a secl A ondary pneumatic formed of metal -adjoin ing one wall of the vacuum chamber andhaving communication therewi h a primary pneumatic "formed of metal and secured to an extension of said secondary pneumatic and a motor pnerunatic arranged u on the opposite side vof the?. vacuum cham er and. f havin communication therewith.

80. n a pneumatic action, the combina- 'tion with a vacuum chamber, of a metallic "alve chamber connected therewith and hav- 'nm an'pening, a valve within said chamber, sheet meta-l cover for said opening stamped to forman upset flange overlapping the outer wall surrounding said opening, and an inner annular flange constituting a seat for said valve.

81. In a pneumatic action, vthe 'combination with aj vacuum chamber, of a metallic valvegchamber 'communicating at one ,l end 1F() comprising 4cominun yminare' therewith andopen-at its omosite'end, the

wall adjacentl said openii'ig heilig' bent toV f'o'rin a lietniln bend having a st fi'ewpthreaiv'led portion, a cover fitted into lSaid opening and posed between Said walland flange.

82. ln a pneum'atic action, the combinationiwith a lvacu'uni ,chamber of a metallic valve chamber coini'nunicating at one end therewith and open atv its oppoSite end, the wall adjacent said opening:r being bent 'to form a return bend, and a cover titted vinto said-return bent portion. i

'83. in a pneumatic action, the coinbiinal tion 'with a vacuum 'chamber ot :ii-itictallic valve chamber commanic-atingy Iat one end therewith and-open at its opposite end, the. wall adjacent Said openingr being bent to fo'i'm a'returu bend, a valve in the.l valve chamber, a 'cover fitted into said return bent port.ion. a flange on the cover overlapping,1 the outei` wall surrounding said opening, and a, flange 'extending beyond said return bent portion aiid constitu't'iiiga seat for the valve. y' y Y 84,. Infa pneumatic action for musical instruments, the combination with a valve chamber of an .integral motor `pneumatic icating therewith and having col-` lafpsible sides connected by flexible material, o l nieta] plates attached to said y@idee` ex- 'tendin" beond the Sides and inclosinv a b r l pintle by which 'said sides nare hingedtogethei' and a striker rod having: connection with 'and' movable by one of Said plates.'

85. In a pneumatic action for musical instruments, the combination ot a valve chanr bei' and an integral pneumatic operatively connected therewith, comprising a pair of metal plates, wooden liningsfor said plates,

and4 a. flexible connection 'connecting the` edges of Said linings, and a striker i'od with means for connecting thc plates to move therewith.

86. In 'a l) )neumatic action Vfor musical vinstruments, a'iiiietallic valve chamber and an integral p ieumatic including a pair of hinged metallic plates, and a striker rod :same to one of said 4havingr a` connection with one of the `said platea.- l

87. In a plieuinatic action for musical instrumcnts, and iiiycoinbination, key striking instruinentalities, and a nictallic valve cham-y ber and an integral pneumatic operatively associated' therewith including a pair of hin red metaliicplates, wooden linings for saiil plates and a flexible connection between the plates.

88. In a pneumatic action for musical in- Strnnients, and in combinatioina pneumatic. 'oppositely disposed hinged of which is relatively stationniembers. one

ary and a valve chamber f (irmed by an pxtension vof said stationary member, and key striking inst-rni'nentalities carried by 4'the other member. I

89. 1n` a piieumatic'action for ,musical instruments, and in combination, key striking instrumentalities, a pneumatic ,operatively a asocia ted therewith, 'comprising oppositely disposed hinged jmembers, one of wliicliis' relatively stationary, and' a valve chamber formed by an integral-extension of s. ijd sta-- tionary member. f

90. In a pneumatic action, the combinw tion of a vacuumchamber. a motorvsupported by Said vacnuni chamber on one side thereof, a secondary pneumatic vsupported by Mid vacuum chamber and on" the opposite side thereof, and a primary pneumatic supported by said Secondary pneumatic.

'91. ln a pneumatic action, the combination of avacuum chamber consisting of a c )vened pan or tray, a primary pneumatic, a -vilvechamber supported 'on the rear sui'- t'ace of said vacuum chamber, and `a secondary pneumatic supported on the front sur-4 t'ice thereof.`- l I 4 92:'In a pneinnatic action forI musical in-A Ht'rinnents' the combinationl -of a? vacuum. chamber, a secondary pneumatic, meansfor rniovably Supporting the same on .the wallvv of the vacuum chamber, a motor pneumatic vrith meana forfsnpport-in'g it in operativeI 'piis'itioin and `a primary pneumatic 'con-` Slructed of a complete unit and removably carried by the secondary pneumatic.

93. In a pne'umatic actioiifor mnsical in| struments, the combination with a vacuum chamber, of a primary pncuniatic element. a :seconda-ry pneumatic element both of which eleniente` communicate with the, vacuum chamber-and are of independent construction, and means for securing the said elements to the saine Side of the vacuum chamber.

94. In a pneumatic action formusical instruments, the combination of a vacuum' chainber, 'of a primary. pneumatic. and a Secondary )neumatic each :formed as inde-- pendent el lents, means for detachably securing thc pneumatic together.` aiid means` for removably eupportingone of :said pneumatica on the vacnpm chamber. and' a motor vlmeuniatic operatively 'aseociated` with `@aid pneumatica.

95. In a pneumatic'action for musical instruinents, the combination with a vacuum chamber. of a primary and secondary pneu.-

mat-ic removably aecured together, a' -'upporting connection between 'the annie andl the vacuum chamber, and a Strikingr pneumatic independently Secured to the vacuum chamber.

96. In a pneumatic action for musical in atrulnent. the combination with a vacuum "1- ggijhamber, of a matic, independently and removably secured 1o chamber, of a rimary and secondary pneumatic removab y secured to one side of the chamber, and a striking pneumatic removablysecured to the opposite iside' of the.

"1 9T. In/a pneumatic action for musical instruments, the comblnation wlth a vacuum primary and secondary pneuat one side of the vacuum chamber and supported by the vacuum chamber, -a striking pneumatic independentlyl secured to the oposite side of the vacuum interposed valve.

98.. In a pneumatic action for musical instruments, the combination with a vacuum chamber, ofj a; primary and a secondary pneumatic comprising independent structures, ','means for removably securing both together amber, a; striking pneumatic independently secured to the vacuum chamber, an .an interposed valve.

99. In afp matic action for musical yinstruments, t combination with a Vacuum chambenof ovable primary pneumatic i ently removable secondary and an indepen.. pneumatic,@saivv fpneumatics. being connected `to one another and having communication with the vacuum chamber, and a strikingy pneumatic supported independently Vof sai other pneumatlcs and communicating with rthe vacuum chamber.

100. In a eumatic action for musical instrumentS, t e .combination with a vacuum chamber, of a rimary and secondary pneumatic removably-secured together, a supporting connection between the same an the vacuum chamber, and a striking pneumatic independently secured to the vacuum cham- 101. In Vla neumatic action for musical instruments, t e combination with a vacuum chamber, of a rimary and secondary pneumatic removably secured to one side of the chamber, anda striking pneumatic removably secured to the opposite side of the chamber. y t '102. In a pneumatic action for musical 1n-. struments, the'combination With'V a vacuum chamber, Yof a rimary and secondary pneumatic, indepen ently and removably secured at one side of the ,vacuum chamber and supported by the vacuum chamber, a striking pneumatic independently secured to the opchamber, andan 'posite side of the vacuum chamber, and ani lnterposed valve. 103. In a pneumatic action formusical instruments, the combination with "a vacuum chamber, of a primary and a secondary pneumatic, means for removably lsecuring the same, to the vacuum chamber, a striking pneumatic independently secured to the vacuum chamber, and an interposed valve, the primary and secondary pneumatic having independent ycommunication 'with the vacuum chamber.

104. In a neumatic action for musical instruments, t e combin tion with a 'vacuum chamber, of a removable primary pneumatic and an independently removable' secondary pneumatic, said pneumatica having communication lwith the vacuum chamber, and a striking pneumaticv supported independently of said other vpneumatlcsand communicating with the vacuuznchamber.

105.. In a pneumatic. actionY for musical instruments, a vacuumy chamber, a plurality of co-acting pneumatic elements formed-as independent units and removably secured together and to the vacuum chamber, and a "striking pneumatic element formed as an independent unit and ysecured to xthe vacuum chamber.

106. In a pneumatic' action for musical instruments, the combination with a vacuum chamber, of a plurality of co-acting pneumatic elements formed as independent units and removably secured to one another and to the vacuum `chamber and communicating therewith, -and a striking pneumatic element formed as an independent unit and secured to the vacuum chamber.

107. -In a pneumatic action for musical instruments, the combination with a yvacuum chamber, of a -plurality of co-actin pneumatics formed 'as independent units and communicating with the vacuum chamber, means for detachably securing the pneumatics in place, and a striking'pneumatic formed as an independent element and communicating with the vacuum chamber, and means for securing the striking pneumatic in place.

MoRRIs s. WRIGHT.

Witnesses:

RUFUs B. FowLER, HENRY Woon FoWLER. 

